BBB
blood-brain barrier
Although the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 enters the brain is still unclear, the possibility of direct entry through the olfactory nerve tract and entry into the brain through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) via blood circulation is indicated.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and linked cytokine storm may cause blood–brain barrier (BBB) injury through which activated immune cells and SARS-CoV-2 can pass into the brain causing activation of glial cells with subsequent neuroinflammation.
There are various mechanisms for COVID-19 pathophysiology, some implicating the potential virus invasion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Therefore, using an in vitro system, we investigated whether pGSN could attenuate increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) during its exposure to the portion of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein containing the receptor binding domain (S1 subunit).
Several potential mechanisms in the acute phase have been hypothesized, including damage of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB).
Interestingly, it has been described that the chronic cytokinemia is related to alterations of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and induction of neurotoxicity.
Immunostaining of COVID-19 brains revealed extensive activation of both microglia and astrocytes, severe damage of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and various degrees of perivascular infiltration by predominantly CD14+/CD16+/CD141+/CCR7+/CD11c+ monocytes and occasionally CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes.
Objectives: This review aims to clear the polemics of COVID-19 vaccine-antidepressants interaction in these 3 aspects: (1) cytokines and cytochrome P450 pathway, (2) blood-brain barrier (BBB) involvement and (3) and its interaction with polyethylene glycol (PEG), the potential allergenic culprit following COVID-19 vaccination.
In this review manuscript, we discuss the effects of select common viruses on insulin sensitivity and blood–brain barrier (BBB) function and the potential overlapping and distinct mechanisms involved in these effects.
To date, no studies have objectively assessed blood-brain barrier (BBB) function in individuals with neurological complications stemming from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.